Foundations · Lesson 1 of 4

What is trading?
Markets, coins & how prices move

5 min read No prior knowledge needed

So — what exactly is trading?

At its core, trading is simple: you buy something hoping it goes up in price, then sell it for a profit. Or you sell something short, hoping it goes down, then buy it back cheaper.

That's it. Everything else — indicators, strategies, algorithms — is just a system for deciding when to do that.

Think of it like this

Imagine you buy a used bike for €100 and sell it for €130. That's trading. You identified something undervalued, bought it, and sold it higher. Crypto works the same way — just faster and with a lot more charts.

How does a price actually move?

Prices don't move randomly. They move because of one thing: the balance between buyers and sellers.

The price mechanism
Buyers
📈
Want to buy. Place bid orders. Push price UP when there are more of them.
⚖️
€62,450
Current price
Price = where
they agree
Sellers
📉
Want to sell. Place ask orders. Push price DOWN when there are more of them.

More buyers than sellers → price goes up. More sellers than buyers → price goes down.

The current price is always the last price someone agreed to trade at. Every second, thousands of people are placing buy and sell orders — and the price adjusts to where demand meets supply.

Key takeaway

You don't trade against "the market". You trade against other people — some are right, some are wrong. Your job is to have better information or a better system than they do.

Reading a price chart — what are those candles?

Open any trading platform and you'll see a chart full of colored bars. These are called candlesticks — and each one tells you exactly what happened to the price during a specific time period.

Anatomy of a candlestick
High Close Open Low Green = UP Close > Open Red = DOWN Close < Open
High — The highest price during this candle period
Close — The price at the end of the period (green: higher than open)
Body — The range between open and close. Shows who won: buyers (green) or sellers (red)
Open — The price at the start of the period
Low — The lowest price during this candle period
Wicks — The thin lines show the extremes. Long wicks = price tried to go there but got rejected

Each candle = one time period. On a 1-hour chart, each candle shows everything that happened in one hour — the opening price, the closing price, and how high or low it went in between.

Quick test

If you see a green candle with a very long wick at the top — what does that mean? Buyers pushed the price up, but then sellers pushed it back down before the candle closed. That's a rejection signal.

What are you actually buying when you buy BTC?

When you buy Bitcoin, you're not buying a physical object. You're buying a unit of a digital asset on a decentralized network. The price is determined entirely by supply and demand — no company behind it, no earnings report, no dividends.

This is different from stocks (where you own a piece of a company) or forex (where you trade currencies). Crypto is pure market psychology + supply/demand + narrative — which makes it both highly volatile and full of trading opportunities.

How a trade works — step by step

A complete trade
1
You spot an opportunity
BTC is in an uptrend, price just pulled back to a support zone, volume is picking up. Your strategy says: this looks like a good entry.
2
You define your risk first
Before entering, you decide: if price goes to €60,000, I'm wrong — that's my stop loss. You calculate your position size so that loss = 1% of your account.
3
You enter the trade
You buy €200 worth of BTC at €62,400. You set a stop loss at €60,000 and a take profit at €67,000.
4
Price moves — you let the system work
You don't panic-sell when it dips. You don't move your stop loss. Your system is either right or wrong — emotions don't help.
5
You exit with a result
Price hits your take profit at €67,000. Trade closed. You made ~€14.75 on €200 risked — a clean 7.4% trade. One data point in your system.

Timeframes — the same market, different views

Every chart has a timeframe — how long each candle represents. The same coin looks completely different on a 1-minute chart vs. a daily chart. Choosing the right timeframe depends on your trading style.

Which timeframe for which style?
1m – 15m
Very short-term. Noisy. Every small move is visible.
→ Scalping / Day trading
1h – 4h
Balanced. Good signals without too much noise.
→ Best for most beginners
1d – 1w
Big picture. Slow moves. Long holding times.
→ Swing / Position trading
Common beginner mistake

Switching between timeframes constantly — "1m says BUY but 1d says SELL — which one do I follow?" Pick one timeframe for your entries and stick with it. Use higher timeframes only for context.

Key terms you'll see everywhere

Long
Buying, expecting price to go UP
Short
Selling first, expecting price to go DOWN, buying back cheaper
Stop Loss (SL)
The price at which you automatically exit to limit your loss
Take Profit (TP)
The price at which you automatically exit to lock in your gain
Bid / Ask
Bid = highest buy offer. Ask = lowest sell offer. The spread between them is the cost.
Liquidity
How easy it is to buy/sell without moving the price. BTC = high liquidity.
Drawdown
How much your account dropped from its peak. A key risk metric.
Volatility
How much the price moves. High volatility = big candles both ways.
Lesson Summary

Trading = buying and selling to profit from price moves. Prices move based on buyer/seller balance. Candlesticks show you open, close, high, low for a time period. Green = buyers won. Red = sellers won. Timeframe = how long each candle is. Start with 1h–4h.